In the described material, backward chaining is defined as the learner completes the steps in reverse order.

• A. True
• B. It depends
• C. False
• D. Not defined

Answer: (C)

Backward chaining starts with the final step of a task and has the learner perform that last step while the instructor completes all preceding steps, then prompts are faded so the learner takes on the step before that, and so on until the entire sequence is performed by the learner. The defining feature is starting with the last step and moving backward through the task, with the teacher guiding and gradually handing control to the learner. Saying the learner simply completes the steps in reverse order without this structured fading and initial teacher completion isn’t how backward chaining is defined. This approach contrasts with forward chaining, where the learner starts with the first step and the sequence progresses forward.