Involves allowing the individual to observe ongoing activities, but they are unable to participate or access reinforcers.

• A. Time-in
• B. Contingent observation
• C. Planned ignoring
• D. Partition time-out

Answer: (B)

Contingent observation is a procedure in which the learner is allowed to observe ongoing activities but is not allowed to participate and does not receive reinforcement during the observation. This setup keeps the individual in view of the activity while removing the opportunity to gain attention or rewards, which helps decrease the target behavior without completely isolating them. For example, a child who tends to disrupt class may be placed in a location where they can see peers playing, but they cannot join in or earn reinforcement for their own behavior during the observation period. This specific arrangement—watching without participation or reinforcement—distinguishes it from other strategies. Time-in still provides access and reinforcement for appropriate behavior, planned ignoring centers on withholding attention for a behavior rather than restricting participation, and partition time-out is another form of time-out with a different setup but does not inherently emphasize the visual observation component in the same way.