Involves removing the individual from the reinforcing environment contingent on problem behavior.

• A. Planned ignoring
• B. Time-out
• C. Exclusion time-out
• D. Contingent observation

Answer: (C)

Time-out works by briefly removing access to reinforcement after a problem behavior. The version that actually takes the person out of the place where reinforcement occurs is exclusion time-out. When problem behavior happens, the individual is moved to a different, non-reinforcing location (such as a quiet room or time-out area) for a short period. Because reinforcement like attention, access to toys, or social interaction is unavailable during that interval, the behavior is less likely to be repeated. This differs from planned ignoring, where attention is withheld but the person stays in the same room, and from contingent observation, where they continue to observe from a designated spot without being fully removed from the environment. Exclusion time-out is the strategy that involves removing the person from the reinforcing environment.