Involves turning away from the learner while withholding social reinforcers contingent on problem behavior.

• A. Planned ignoring
• B. Time-out
• C. Exclusion time-out
• D. Contingent observation

Answer: (A)

Planned ignoring is the idea here. It works by turning away and withholding social reinforcers—like attention, praise, or eye contact—every time the problem behavior occurs, while still responding to the learner when they engage in appropriate behavior. The goal is to reduce the problem behavior by removing the attention that maintains it, without removing the learner from the setting. This is nonexclusionary, meaning the learner stays in the environment. Time-out, by contrast, involves a temporary removal of access to reinforcement; exclusion time-out takes the learner out of the room, and contingent observation allows presence but limits interaction. So the description fits planned ignoring because it centers on withholding social reinforcement through turning away while the learner remains present.