With backward chaining, the learner completes the steps of a task in reverse order.

• A. Sometimes
• B. Not applicable
• C. True
• D. False

Answer: (D)

Backward chaining starts by focusing on the last step of a task and then gradually adding earlier steps, with prompts fading as the learner gains independence. The instructor initially completes the preceding steps, while the learner performs the final step, and as mastery grows, the learner takes on more of the preceding steps so the entire sequence can be performed independently. The statement that the learner completes the steps in reverse order is an oversimplification; the method centers on starting at the end and moving backward, but the learner doesn’t immediately do every step in reverse order on their own from the start. For example, when teaching tea making, you’d have the learner do the final action first (stir), while you handle the earlier steps, then gradually add the previous steps. This gradual shift defines backward chaining, not simply doing steps in reverse order across the whole task.